Volume 3, Issue 4 (Winter 2017)
J Educ Community Health 2017, 3(4): 31-37 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Khiyali Z, Ghahremani L, Kaveh M H, Keshavarzi S. The Effect of an Educational Program Based on Protection Motivation Theory on Pap Smear Screening Behavior among Women Referring to Health Centers in Fasa. J Educ Community Health. 2017; 3 (4) :31-37
URL: http://jech.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.html
URL: http://jech.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.html
1- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
2- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. , ghahramanl@sums.ac.ir
3- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
4- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., School of Health
2- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. , ghahramanl@sums.ac.ir
3- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
4- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., School of Health
Abstract: (4117 Views)
Background and Objectives: Despite the importance of pap smear in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer and its death, this cancer is still one of the leading causes of death among women around the world. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of an educational program based on the protection motivation theory on Pap smear screening behavior.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 200 women referring to Fasa health centers, Fasa, Iran. The participants were randomized into experimental and control groups (n=100 per group). The data collection tool, which consisted of demographic data and protection motivation theory constructs, was completed by both groups before and 2 months after the intervention. For the experimental group, the educational program was implemented during 4 sessions using group discussions and educational pamphlets. To analyze the data, chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test were run in SPSS, version 22.
Results: After the intervention, the mean scores of protection motivation theory constructs significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding the response efficacy construct at the post-intervention stage (P=0.552). In addition, after the intervention, the rate of conducting Pap smear test significantly incremented in the experimental group (58%).
Conclusions: The study results revealed the effectiveness of the educational intervention based on protection motivation theory in promoting Pap smear screening behavior. Therefore, we recommend designing educational interventions based on this theory to promote public health, especially in women.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 200 women referring to Fasa health centers, Fasa, Iran. The participants were randomized into experimental and control groups (n=100 per group). The data collection tool, which consisted of demographic data and protection motivation theory constructs, was completed by both groups before and 2 months after the intervention. For the experimental group, the educational program was implemented during 4 sessions using group discussions and educational pamphlets. To analyze the data, chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test were run in SPSS, version 22.
Results: After the intervention, the mean scores of protection motivation theory constructs significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding the response efficacy construct at the post-intervention stage (P=0.552). In addition, after the intervention, the rate of conducting Pap smear test significantly incremented in the experimental group (58%).
Conclusions: The study results revealed the effectiveness of the educational intervention based on protection motivation theory in promoting Pap smear screening behavior. Therefore, we recommend designing educational interventions based on this theory to promote public health, especially in women.
Type of Study: Research Article |
Subject:
Cancer Prevention
Received: 2017/02/7 | Accepted: 2017/03/16
Received: 2017/02/7 | Accepted: 2017/03/16
References
1. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359-86. [DOI] [PubMed]
2. Asonganyi E, Vaghasia M, Rodrigues C, Phadtare A, Ford A, Pietrobon R, et al. Factors affecting compliance with clinical practice guidelines for pap smear screening among healthcare providers in Africa: systematic review and meta-summary of 2045 individuals. PloS one. 2013;8(9):e72712. [DOI] [PubMed]
3. World Health Organization. Globocan 2012: estimated cancer incidence and mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2014.
4. Logan L, Mcilfatrick S. Exploring women’s knowledge experiences and perceptions of cervical cancer screening in an area of social deprivation European. Eur J Cancer Care. 2011;20(6):720-7.
5. Roncancio AM, Ward KK, Sanchez IA, Cano MA, Byrd TL, Vernon SW, et al. Using the theory of planned behavior to understand cervical cancer screening among Latinas. Health Educ Behav. 2015;42(5):621-6. [DOI] [PubMed]
6. Abedian Z, Dormohamadi M. Investigating awareness, attitude and practice of women who referred to health centers of Mashhad city toward pop smear. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2013;15(36):22-8. [Persian]
7. Garcia F, Hatch KD, Berek JS. Intraepithelial disease of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. In: Berek JS, editor. Berek & Novak's gynecology. 15th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012. P. 574-618.
8. People Healthy. Topics and objectives index–healthy people. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services; 2011.
9. Yakhforoushha A, Solhi A, Ebadiaza F. The effect of health education via health belief model on knowledge and attitude of healthy voluntaries about Pap smear in urban centers Gazvin. J Nurs Midwif. 2008;18(63):24-31.
10. Ghahramaninasab P, Shahnazi M, Farshbaf Khalil A, Ghanbari S. Factors related to cervical cancer screening among women referring to health centers in Tabriz, Iran 2012. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2014;16(89):15-24. [Persian]
11. Aswathy S, Quereshi MA, Kurian B, Leelamoni K. Cervical cancer screening: current knowledge & practice among women in a rural population of Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res. 2012;136(2):205-10. [PubMed]
12. Shobeiri F, Javad MT, Parsa P, Roshanaei G. Effects of group training based on the health belief model on knowledge and behavior regarding the pap smear test in Iranian women: a quasi-experimental study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(6):2871-6. [PubMed]
13. Choi SY. Development of an educational program to prevent cervical cancer among immigrants in Korea. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(9):5345-9. [PubMed]
14. Ghahramani M, Moodi M, Alami A, Moasheri N. Stages of pap smear screening change behavior based on TTM in women referring to health centers in Gonabad–years 2014. Mod Care J. 2014;11(4):304-15. [Persian]
15. Jalilian F, Mirzaei Alavijeh M, Emdadi SH, Barati M, Nasirzadeh M, Hatamzadeh S. Predicting factors related with pap smear results among women based on health belief model. Health Syst Res J. 2011;7(6):1226-34. [Persian]
16. Jowzi F, Hashemifard T, Morowatisharifabad M, Bashir Z. Factors associated with pap smear screening test among women aged 15-49 based on protection motivation theory. J Hayat. 2013;19(1):29-40. [Persian]
17. Hassani L, Dehdari T, Hajizadeh E, Shojaeizadeh D, Abedini M, Nedjat S. Development of an Instrument based on the protection motivation theory to measure factors influencing women’s intention to first pap test practice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(3):1227-32. [PubMed]
18. Baghianimoghadam MH, Mohammadi S, Mazloomi Mahmoudabad SS, Norbala MT. The effect of education based on protection motivation theory on skin cancer preventive practices among female high school students in Yazd. Horizon Med Sci. 2011;17(1):27-34. [Persian]
19. Prentice-Dunn S, Mcmath BF, Cramer RJ. Protection motivation theory and stages of change in sun protective behavior. J Health Psychol. 2009;14(2):297-305. [DOI] [PubMed]
20. Dehdari T, Hassani L, Hajizadeh E, Shojaeizadeh D, Nedjat S, Abedini M. Effects of an educational intervention based on the protection motivation theory and implementation intentions on first and second pap test practice in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(17):7257-61. [PubMed]
21. Park S, Chang S, Chung C. Effects of a cognition-emotion focused program to increase public participation in Papanicolaou smear screening. Public Health Nurs. 2005;22(4):289-98. [DOI] [PubMed]
22. Ghahremani L, Harami ZK, Kaveh MH, Keshavarzi S. Investigation of the role of training health volunteers in promoting pap smear test use among Iranian women based on the protection motivation theory. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(3):1157-62. [PubMed]
23. Karimy M, Gallali M, Niknami S, Aminshokravi F, Tavafian S. The effect of health education program based on Health Belief Model on the performance of pap smear test among women referring to health care centers in Zarandieh. J Jahrom Univ Med Sci. 2012;10(1):53-9. [Persian]
24. Pirzadeh A, Mazaheri MA. The effect of education on women’s practice based on the health belief model about pap smear test. Int J Prev Med. 2012;3(8):585-90. [PubMed]
25. Fouda LM, Elkazeh EA. The impact of an educational intervention on women's knowledge and perception regarding cervical cancer and human papillomavirus vaccines in Tanta city: applying health belief model. Life Sci J. 2013;10(12):997-1005.
26. Shekhar S, Sharma C, Thakur S, Raina N. Cervical cancer screening: knowledge, attitude and practices among nursing staff in a tertiary level teaching institution of rural India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3641-5. [PubMed]
27. Demirtas B, Acikgoz I. Promoting attendance at cervical cancer screening: understanding the relationship with Turkish women’s’ health beliefs. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(1):333-40. [PubMed]
28. Ebadi-Fardazar F, Hashemi SS, Mahnaz-Solhi M, Mansori K. The effect of educational intervention based on motivation theory on mothers behaviors about protection of home accidents in children under 5 year old. J Health Res Community. 2016;1(4):37-44. [Persian]
29. Helmes AW. Application of the protection motivation theory to genetic testing for breast cancer risk. Prev Med. 2002;35(5):453-62. [PubMed]
Send email to the article author
