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Submitted: 20 May 2022
Revision: 29 Aug 2022
Accepted: 03 Sep 2022
ePublished: 04 Dec 2022
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J Educ Community Health. 2022;9(4): 228-234.
doi: 10.34172/jech.2022.A-10-1015-2

Scopus ID: 85147419849
  Abstract View: 809
  PDF Download: 384

Addictive Behaviors

Original Article

Factors Associated With Anabolic Steroids Use in Bodybuilding Athletes Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai 1,2,3 ORCID logo, Babak Moeini 1,3, Javad Faradmal 4, Maryam Barati 1,5, Ehsan Vesali-Monfared 1,5* ORCID logo

1 Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2 Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4 Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center & Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
5 Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Corresponding author: Ehsan Vesali-Monfared, Email: , Email: vesali.phd97@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Athletes’ use of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AASs) is a significant health problem. This study aimed to determine factors associated with AAS in male bodybuilders by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Methods: Using a multistage random sampling procedure, this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 429 athletes participating in gyms in Qom, Iran, in 2019. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, including demographic information and questions related to TPB constructs. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, logistic regression, and linear regression using SPSS software, version 16.

Results: The results demonstrated that 188 (48.2%) athletes had a history of AAS use. The attitude (β=0.39), subjective norm (β=0.26), and perceived behavioral control (β=-0.36) predicted 38% of the variance of intention to AAS use. Further, behavioral intention was the statistically significant predictor of AAS use among the studied athletes (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.87). Variables such as having friends (OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.28-3.30) or a sports coach using AAS (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.58-6.42) and having a history of supplementation use (OR=5.8, 95% CI: 2.65-12.8), along with age (OR=4.3, 95% CI: 0.35-53.6) had a significantly predictive role in using AAS.

Conclusion: The findings revealed that nearly half of the studied athletes had a history of using AAS and supplements. TPB is applicable to identify the determinants of beliefs, intention, and behavior to use AAS among athletes. These findings can be useful in designing appropriate programs to prevent AAS use.


Please cite this article as follows: Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Moeini B, Faradmal J, Barati M, Vesali-Monfared E. Factors associated with anabolic steroids use in bodybuilding athletes based on the theory of planned behavior. J Educ Community Health. 2022; 9(4):228-234. doi:10.34172/ jech.2022.A-10-1015-2
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