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Submitted: 14 Dec 2020
Accepted: 22 Feb 2021
ePublished: 30 Sep 2021
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J Educ Community Health. 2021;8(3): 165-172.
doi: 10.52547/jech.8.3.165

Scopus ID: 85119657865
  Abstract View: 1249
  PDF Download: 431

General

Research Article

Fear and COVID-19 Protective Behaviors among High School Students in Hamadan, Iran; Application of an Extended Parallel Process Model

Samaneh Shirahmadi 1 ORCID logo, Saeed Bashirian 2, Majid Barati 2, Ensieh Jenabi 3, Mohammad Haghighi 4, Farshid Shamsaei 5, Rashid Heidari-Moghadam 6, Salman Khazaei 7* ORCID logo, Sepideh Zareian 8, Mohammad Poordavood 9, Yaser Nankali 9, Nematollah Bahiraee 9, Shahnaz Farzian 9, Aliakbar Asgari 9

1 Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3 Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
5 Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
6 Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
7 Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
8 Office of Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
9 State Office of Education in Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Email: salmankhazaei61@gmail.com

Abstract

Aims: Throughout the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the role of students in transmitting the infection has received special attention aiming at protecting the younger generation against COVID-19 and other known respiratory diseases. This research aimed to specify factors related to Covid-19 preventing behaviors in high school students.

Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2852 students aged 13 to 18 in Hamadan in 2020. Participants were selected using the multistage cluster sampling method. The data were collected with a researcher-made EPPM questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically by Stata 14.2 software using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

Findings: The vast majority of students (67.02%) were in the danger control response phase. The response efficacy (77.3%) and perceived efficacy (75.3%) had the highest percentage of the mean from the maximum obtainable score among constructs of the model. There was a significant difference between categories of the EPPM model with doing healthy behaviors. Moreover, the proportion of doing health behaviors was significantly higher in students in the danger control phase.

Conclusion: The predominance of the perceived threat of COVID-19 on the perceived efficacy affects preventive health behaviors. Therefore, a theory-based behavioral modification program can be developed based on gender among high school students. Higher grade students and poor socioeconomic status require intense educational interventions to modify their hygienic behaviors.

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